Citing incidents of Internet restriction due to protests in Myanmar and Egypt, he suggested that censorship might have driven even more protestors onto the streets.
Palfrey then related Internet usage by these protestors to the rights laid out by the Constitution, namely those to free speech and against unreasonable seizures, searches and surveillance by the government. Citizen activism, he added, is important in keeping a free and open web. During past Constitution Weeks, MSOE has also distributed thousands of free t-shirts with presidential quotes to all students on campus. Ballotpedia features , encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers.
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Derrick Xie , 1st Grade, Finalist! Vienna Lee , 1st Grade, Finalist! Haena Lee , Kindergarten, Finalist! Akshitha Aneesh , Kindergarten, Finalist! Brian M. The echo was deliberate. The congressman who first proposed the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly intended to extend the Bill of Rights to freed slaves. But a deeper question was at stake: the balance of federal-state power, which of course underlay the Southern states claim of a right to secede.
Would the amendment, in effect, create a whole new constitutional order, centralizing new coercive powers in the federal government, or merely fix a flaw? Arguably the Fourteenth Amendment has had a transforming impact, allowing the federal government to extend the reach of its powers.
But in the issue merely continued a debate among prewar opponents of slavery. Some radical abolitionists had condemned the original Constitution as a pro-slavery charter that at the insistence of Southerners protected the institution, but now must be revolutionized.
Chief Justice Roger Taney, in his Dred Scott ruling, applauded the Constitution on the same grounds to justify denying citizenship to black folk.
But as I explained three years ago , lawyer Lincoln, harking back to the earlier equality language of the Declaration of Independence, argued that the Framers crafted a document temporarily accommodating to the local reality of slavery, but envisioning its eventual extinction under the overriding principles of liberty and equality.
Congressional drafters of the 14th amendment shared this latter view, points out Belz. Were you born in America or properly naturalized? So proper understanding of the amendment begins with the idea of inclusion. Congress wished to ensure that former slaves enter a privileged circle.
Theirs was not just freedom from bondage , but freedom for citizenship. Put differently, the Thirteenth Amendment established the negative: the abolition of slavery. African-Americans were human beings, therefore endowed with natural rights, therefore free, therefore citizens.
Despite this focused intent, the Fourteenth Amendment has had wide and contested application, down to our own day, to contexts and in contortions that would have astonished its Reconstruction-era framers.
But the most recent example is even more of a stretch. The Amendment actually includes several other sections of rather technical import. Section 4 prescribes that the immense federal debt rung up to fight the war must be paid. Another section, the third, barred Confederate officials and soldiers, if they had previously held a U. And Section 2 laid out an oddly inverse and wordy stipulation implying that citizenship carried voting privileges.
If any male citizen of age was denied the right to vote, he could not be counted in the census figures that determined the number of representatives elected from each state. That was a bit too subtle an incentive to guarantee the franchise to freed slaves. A third Reconstruction Amendment was needed.
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