Doctors may recommend using them once or twice per day. Examples include topical antibiotics , tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and azelaic acid. For example, a doctor may recommend a type of steroid eye drop called blephamide. They may prescribe this for a few days to a week, followed by a break or tapered use.
Oral antibiotics can have anti-inflammatory effects. They tend to give faster results than topical ones. Examples include tetracycline, minocycline, and erythromycin. Tetracyclines are antibiotics that can help with eye symptoms.
Doxycycline helps improve dryness, itching, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light in people with ocular rosacea. Isotretinoin Accutane is an oral medication that people use in severe cases of rosacea if other treatments have not worked. This is a powerful drug that prevents the skin from making oil. The side effects can be severe. Dermatologists can use laser treatment to help reduce visible blood vessels, or telangiectasia.
This treatment uses intense pulsed light to shrink them. Although the procedure may cause some pain, most people will not need an anesthetic.
Laser treatment can sometimes cause bruising, crusting of the skin, swelling, tenderness, and, very rarely, infection. If a person wishes to remove thickened skin that has developed due to rosacea, they can speak to a cosmetic surgeon.
Laser treatment or scalpel surgery can remove excess skin. A carbon dioxide laser can also shrink thickened tissue. A condition known as steroid rosacea can result from long-term use of corticosteroids, specifically when a person uses them to treat dermatitis and vitiligo. Rosacea is more common in people with lighter skin.
However, the symptoms of rosacea are easier to notice in these skin tones, and few studies have looked into the prevalence of rosacea in people with darker skin. The following symptoms may be useful indicators of rosacea in darker skin :. Experts are not sure what causes rosacea. However, many believe that the following factors may contribute:.
For many people, dietary factors can affect rosacea symptoms. Consuming the following foods and beverages may cause or worsen symptoms:. Avoiding one or more of these foods and beverages may reduce the risk of flare-ups and help control rosacea. Other factors can aggravate rosacea by increasing blood flow to the surface of the skin.
The role of the innate immune system in rosacea has been the focus of groundbreaking studies funded by the NRS, including the discovery of irregularities of key microbiological components known as cathelicidins. Further research has now demonstrated that a marked increase in mast cells, located at the interface between the nervous system and vascular system, is a common link in all major presentations of the disorder.
Beyond neurovascular and immune system factors, the presence of a microscopic mite called Demodex folliculorum has been considered as a potential contributor to rosacea. This mite is a normal inhabitant of human skin, but has been found to be substantially more abundant in the facial skin of rosacea patients. Researchers have also discovered that two genetic variants of the human genome may be associated with the disorder.
Other recent studies that have found associations between rosacea and increased risk for a growing number of potentially serious systemic diseases, suggesting that rosacea may be an outcome of systemic inflammation.
Although causal relationships have not been determined, these have included cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, neurological and autoimmune diseases and certain cancers.
Because the signs and symptoms of rosacea vary from one patient to another, treatment must be tailored by a physician for each individual case. Learn more about when to see a doctor. A range of oral and topical medications may be used to treat the various signs and symptoms associated with the disorder.
Physicians may prescribe medical therapy specifically to control the redness. Bumps and pimples often receive initial treatment with oral and topical therapy to bring the condition under immediate control, followed by long-term use of an anti-inflammatory therapy alone to maintain remission.
Therapies specific for rosacea are now available in various formulations that can be selected for each patient. When appropriate, lasers, intense pulsed light sources or other medical and surgical devices may be used to remove visible blood vessels or correct disfigurement of the nose.
Ocular rosacea may be treated with anti-inflammatory medications and other therapy, and recommendations from an eye doctor may be needed. To view photos of treatment results, see Rosacea Treatment Photos. Patients should check with their physicians to ensure their skin-care routine is compatible with their rosacea. A gentle skin-care routine can also help control rosacea. Patients are advised to clean their face with a mild and non-abrasive cleanser, then rinse with lukewarm water and blot the face dry with a thick cotton towel.
Never pull, tug or use a rough washcloth. Mild or pediatric formulations are available for sensitive skin, and look for non-chemical mineral sunscreens that contain zinc or titanium dioxide. Rosacea patients should avoid any skin-care products that sting, burn or cause additional redness. Cosmetics may be used to conceal the effects of rosacea.
Green makeup or green-tinted foundations can be used to counter redness. This can be followed by a skin-tone foundation with natural yellow tones, avoiding those with pink or orange hues. In addition to long-term medical therapy, rosacea patients can improve their chances of maintaining remission by identifying and avoiding lifestyle and environmental factors — often related to flushing — that may trigger flare-ups or aggravate their individual conditions.
Identifying these factors is an individual process, however, because what causes a flare-up in one person may have no effect on another. To help identify personal trigger factors, rosacea patients are advised to keep a diary of daily activities or events and relate them to any flare-ups they may experience. But it's most common in middle-aged white women.
There's no cure for rosacea, but treatment can control and reduce the signs and symptoms. Over time, rosacea can thicken the skin on the nose, causing the nose to appear bulbous rhinophyma. This occurs more often in men than in women. If you experience persistent symptoms of your face or eyes, see your doctor or a skin specialist dermatologist for a diagnosis and proper treatment.
The cause of rosacea is unknown, but it could be due to an overactive immune system, heredity, environmental factors or a combination of these. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene and it's not contagious. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Overview Rosacea on white skin Open pop-up dialog box Close. Rosacea on white skin Changes typical of rosacea on white skin are redness of the cheeks, nose and central face, with small red bumps or pustules. Rosacea on brown skin Open pop-up dialog box Close. Rosacea on brown skin The flushing or blushing of rosacea may be difficult to see on brown and Black skin. Rhinophyma Open pop-up dialog box Close. Rhinophyma Over time, rosacea can thicken the skin on the nose, causing the nose to appear bulbous rhinophyma.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Kang S, et al. In: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology. McGraw-Hill; Accessed June 13, Habif TP. Acne, rosacea, and related disorders.
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